Essay --

Gay marriage has been a topic of discussion between many people. It is talked in good and bad ways, due to a person’s beliefs or even just their overall opinions. The topic has been present for many years. Throughout the years many things have improved for the rights of the same sex couples. It included difficult times for these couples. They had to fight for their rights. They had to fight people that did not believe that they have these rights. According to Ronald Bailey (page 1), same sex marriage impacts traditional marriage. He also stated that it undermines or looks down upon conventional marriage of heterosexual marriage. The divorce rate among same sex couples decreased. After decades of falling the marriage rate and fertility rate slowly increased and still the divorce rate is down. The divorce rate in different sex couples decreased due to the same sex marriage increasing. In 2003, the divorce rate in Massachusetts was 2.5 per 1,000 people. Then in 2004 the marriage rate jumped 15%. Lesbian couples were 3 times more likely to divorce than heterosexual couples. Gay marriage couples also have kids. Nearly 20% of same sex couple houses have children. Close to 84% of them have biologically related children. Los Angeles reporters stated that 37% of same sex couples have had children of their own in their houses before. By the time that the children are of 17 years old 55% of lesbian couple are separated compared to the 36% of heterosexual couples according to The National Survey of Family Growth. Unlike divorce in heterosexual parents children from divorced homosexual do not experience social or psychological problems. When they divorce 75% of the lesbian couples share custody. In heterosexual (page 2) couples 65% of mot... ...ame the first state to pass in the United States to legalize same sex marriage, governor Arnold Schwarzenegger vetoed this bill. Then 3 years after this on June 16th 2008 California began allowing same sex marriage licenses. Proposition 8 was then launched, proposition 8 was launched to deny same sex marriage rights. Then in 2009 Maine governor John Baldacci signed a freedom to marry bill, which had support from both branches of the state legislature. Even though both legislatures gave support there were also opponents. These opponents also gained support from national organizations which launched a referendum to ban same sex marriage. Voter reserved the legislature in 2012, which again allowed same sex marriages in Maine. There were also out- of- state marriages in New Mexico and Rhode Island. It is a civil right to many the person of one’s choice.

Cardiovascular Endurance of the Genders Question Essay

Cardiovascular Endurance of the Genders Question- Does weight and differences of age have to do with different heart rates and recovery times with the step test experiment? Independent Variable Pre- Exercise Heart Rate Dependent Variables 1. Post- Exercise Heart rate 2. Change in heart rate 3. Recovery Time Hypothesis – If a subject being tested is fit then there should not be a big change in heart rate and there should be minimal recovery time to get back to the normal heart rate in which they started. Experiment Protocol- 1. Testing all members of the group and recording the results. 2. Measure pre-exercise pulse rate using a pulse monitor of the first subject 3. Making sure the first subject is in sequence with their steps to the metronome 4. This sequence should be 3 minutes with a rate of about 25 steps a minutes on a six inch step 5. After the exercise the subject has to sit down immediately 6. The pulse monitor needs to be taken out. 7. Then measurements should be taken of the subjects post exercise pulse rate 8. Then the timer was taken out. 9. Next the subjects pulse rate was monitored until it returned to the pre-exercise pulse rate which is the recovery time. 10. Steps 2-5 had to repeated for others within in the group 11. After everything was completed the results were compared with other groups in the class. The measures that were taken to ensure consistency throughout the experiment were to just do everything at relatively the same pace with every subject so there would not be any dramatic changes in data. Conclusion- In conclusion it does not matter whether you are male or female when it comes to cardiovascular fitness. This is because cardiovascular fitness is entirely based on a test that assesses your fitness level based on how quickly your heart rate recovers after exercise. The fitter you are, the uicker your heart rate will return to normal after exercise. I accept my hypothesis because my results from the people in my group as well as the class showed that the fitter you are the quicker your heart rate will return to normal. My conclusion could possibly be different If I only analyzed the data gathered by my lab partners of my table because this would not really allow me to determine if cardiovascular fitness is actually based off gender or fitness due to the high ratio of three women to one man compared to the whole class. Improvements to the experiment- 1. one way to improve this experiment would be to have a chart that shows good, poor, or average Heart rates to have a better idea to make comparisons between gender cardiovascular fitness 2. Another way to improve my experiment would be to be more consistent with my group members in transitioning from the pulse monitor to the timer so we don’t have to start over 3. Another way to improve this experiment would be to run it longer than three minutes and more than once to see if the data is consistent.

Application of the spiral of silence theory Essays

Application of the spiral of silence theory Essays Application of the spiral of silence theory Paper Application of the spiral of silence theory Paper This public opinion concept refers to the way in which ‘the commonwealth is held together by prevailing views, habits and prescribed behavior;’ from which none can deviate ‘without running the risk of being ostracized’. (Noelle-Neumann, 1989, p. 6). The fear of isolation is the centrifugal force that accelerates the spiral of silence. (Griffin, E. M. ,2009). It is believed that most of the reason of the following suit behavior is that people like to be respected and do not want to be isolated. But, this theory still has some limitations. The critics of this theory most often claim that individuals have different influences that affect whether they speak out or not. Research indicates that people fear isolation in their small social circles more than they do in the population at large. When they are at work, they are in their small social circles, this fear of isolation is stronger than the fear of being isolated from the entire public. Also, personal characteristics will have an influence on whether a person will willingly speak out. Naturally, if one has a positive self-concept and lacks a sense of shame, that person will speak out regardless of how she or he perceives the climate of public opinion. (Ross, C. , 2007). Another important element for people not to speaking out is culture. What culture a person lives in affect their minds directly. Not every culture holds freedom of speech in as high regard as the United States, and in some cultures, open expression of ideas is forbidden. (Ross, C. , 2007) Scheufele Moy, further assert that certain conflict styles and cultural indicators should be used to understand these differences. Although the spiral of silence theory caused a lot of controversy, it still has a practical significance. Internal communication plays a key role in all organisations, particularly regarding employee engagement. Nowadays, all companies are experiencing rapid growth. P. Sanchez(1999) asserts that doing business and managing change makes effective internal communication a critical success factor. When internal corporate communication becomes smooth, managers could collect useful advice and wisdom, understand different point of view and evaluate different levels of suggestions, providing more reference for their decision-making. Maybe a little suggestion from one subordinate can have a greatly influence on the interests of the company. Furthermore, through the communication, employees feel comfortable and are respected, it will establish their loyalty and make them care about the development of not only themselves but the whole company. In fact, their engagements directly affect the company’s performance. The theory provides a unique perspective that the final consequence of the discussion in company is not the rational opinions and may be the convergence of the strong opinions. Sometimes, the strong opinions are not accurate and result in the wrong choice of managers. Because of the spiral of silence, some people hold their opinions in mind and do not speak it out, they will lose their enthusiasms of their work and make no contribution to the company. Usually, those people’s opinions are known as adverse opinion, which are opposite to the leadership or the mainstream. It may be correct, also may be wrong. So we cannot just treat it as wrong opinion. Only if the administrators make it clear, the employees would disclose their true own opinion. It is not normal that there is not a voice against the majority opinions, this actually means managers do not play a good role in creating a free, democratic environment for employees. As time passes, the staff are too lazy to put forward their opinions. If so, the managers of company will lose so many value aspects of the different voice. Amounts of adverse opinions may stimulate some other new, fresh ideas, sometimes these ideas are even better than the original advantageous opinions . For minorities to stimulate the thinking of the other group members, the minorities have to share their opinions. Factors that might encourage people to express minority opinions would include having personal qualities that can offset the risk ( Hollander, 1958); getting support for their position ( Latane Wolf, 1981; Tanford Penrod, 1984); and having a positive and accepting social atmosphere in the group ( Hackman, 1987). In fact, creating a nonjudgmental atmosphere is the cornerstone of group discussion techniques designed to maximize participant contributions (e. g. , Delbecq, Van de Ven, Gustafson, 1975; Osborn, 1957). There is no doubt that the existence of the spiral of silence in company is the last thing managers want to see. If it exists, minority will not comment about many things, they bend to the public opinion. Several different opinions precisely are the indispensable condition of making correct decisions. Critically, that doesn’t mean managers should adopt the minority opinions all the time. When discussing adverse opinions, managers should not reject them flatly, but let employees fully expound them views and reason, and then analysis their opinions seriously. The reasonable part should be accepted and the unreasonable part should be abandoned. Since some few people’s insights are profound, decision-makers need to determine whether the strategy should be changed. Managers must be able to recognize those wrong opinions, and according to their different properties, adopt appropriate methods. In order to maintain the enthusiasm of staff, it is important for managers to treat all opinions of the staff equally, no matter they are right or wrong, positive or negative and valuable or not valuable. For those right and valuable opinions, managers should not only verbally accept them, but give the presenters praise and reward. For those abandoned opinions, it is important to encourage the presenters to continue to point their opinions out. Only totally understand how the spiral of silence theory works in the enterprise and treat the disadvantageous opinions properly, administrators could create a smooth channel of internal corporate communication.

The Average Student Plan Essays

The Average Student Plan Essays The Average Student Plan Essay The Average Student Plan Essay Having looked at various other methods of data collection I have come to the conclusion that I will base my work on the average student. Firstly I think it is appropriate that I define what the average student actually is. There are different interpretations as to what an average student is, for adults perhaps teachers they may base their ideas as to what the average student is on exam results. Other people may believe the average student is based on what sports they play, what genre of music they listen to or what type of books they read. However for the data collection I will be carrying out I will base my data on a students physical attributes, as this will enable me to use higher-level maths techniques, which will be later explained. Due to limitations in working time I have decided to focus on recording just the height and weight of males and females. I have decided to focus on height and weight because they are continuous data therefore it will be possible to apply higher-level maths techniques. Another reason for selecting this data collection is that the data is easily accessible. There are two hundred and seven pupils in my year and obtaining their measurements will not be a problem. I will hopefully have the opportunity to compare my results with the National Data from the Child Growth Foundation (1996), which my teacher has recommended we find and use because using this I will be able to compare upper and lower quartiles and the medians. Firstly my aim is to research and discover some hypotheses about an average student using statistical techniques. The three hypotheses I have selected will be later explained For my coursework I have the opportunity to select from four methods of sampling. Not all sampling methods will fit with my data collection as some may affect the reliability of the results. The term given to this is bias meaning if an item in a population does not have an equal selection opportunity from a sample, it is said to be bias. An example of this that I am aware of and may occur in my collection is, from a population of forty there would have to be twenty males and twenty females for it to be fair. If it were any different to this then it would be bias. Here are the four methods of sampling I can choose from when carrying out my data collection. Systematic Sampling An example of this sample would be the selection of a 10% sample by going through the population picking every tenth item or individual. The disadvantage of this method is this would only provide a representative sample if the population was arranged in a random way and not in a way that might introduce bias. Information taken from OCR Graduated Assessment Stages 910 Textbook. Attribute Sampling The selection of the sample is made by choosing attribute such as head size and height from a list of people on the basis of their birthday being the first of the month and trying to identify any relationship between the two. Stratified or quota sampling The population is divided into strata or subgroups and the sample chosen to reflect the properties of these subgroups. An example of this would be if a population contained three times as many people under the age of 25 as over 25 then the sample should also contain three times as many people under 25. Information taken from OCR Graduated Assessment stages 910 Textbook. Random Sampling This is when there is no knowledge about a populations characteristics, for example any knowledge about the ages and gender in the population. In this case a sample has to be selected on the basis that all items are equally likely to be chosen. To ensure the sample is random and as accurate as possible the sampling must be repeated several times and then have the results averaged. The sample I have decided to use is systematic and random sampling this is because it would save a lot of time because my population is of two hundred people. In addition to this I have decided to work out an average using a percentage of the population. I have decided to use twenty percent, forty people, twenty males and twenty females to ensure it is a fair test. The hypotheses I will be investigating will be, * You would assume that as heights increase so to will weights. * You would think that on average boys are heavier than girls. * You would think that on average boys are taller than girls. Having these hypotheses I will be able to test the relationship between height and weight and also to compare the results for males and females. When comparing genders I will be using cumulative frequency, histograms, standard deviation and normal distribution. Once I have obtained my results I will transfer them to a spreadsheet so I can clearly set my results out. I will select the pupils I need for my investigation, twenty males and twenty females and measure their height and weight. I considered working with another person to help me but I believe I can work just as well on my own and still be as accurate. Each pupil in the sample will be treated the same this is to avoid an unfair investigation. When measuring height and weight each person in the sample will remove their shoes as this increases height and weight. I am aware that there will be complications through the investigation for example I need to check equipment in case they are slightly inaccurate. Perhaps other mistakes such as the student moving slightly will alter the readings and therefore not providing true results. I intend to be as accurate as possible and consistent with my recordings treating each student the same. Once my data has been recorded it then has to be sorted in order, firstly I will separate the data into genders and by using spreadsheets on the computer I can arrange the data into ascending order therefore when I use Cumulative Frequency Graphs I will be able to find the range numbers easily. I will be able to compare the different sets of results and from this point highlight any potential anomalies. With the results I obtain I have the opportunity to compare my results to the National Data. The appropriate average differentiates with graph work for example with Cumulative Frequency I will be working with median however I can compare this value with the mean data and comment on the graph distributions. Once I have the collected data I will then look back to my hypotheses and determine whether or not I was correct. As I mentioned earlier I will attempt to use higher-level maths techniques. I will be using Pearsons Product Movement Correlation Coefficient to test for any relationships between data. I will also include evidence of Cumulative Frequency diagrams and Box Plots as an attempt to prove any relationships between sets of data. I will also be using Histograms and Standard Deviation to find certain things such as the spread about the mean and using these values to compare with each set of results.

Drug and Alcohol Abuse Essay Example

Drug and Alcohol Abuse Essay Example Drug and Alcohol Abuse Paper Drug and Alcohol Abuse Paper Essay Topic: 8th Grade Drug and alcohol abuse is indeed a serious problem among many young people nowadays. This may be proven by statistical information and examples including the ones below. In spite of all the researches conducted on the effects of alcohol on teenagers, as well as, reasons stated why alcohol should be avoided by teenagers, it still cannot be denied that there are countless teenagers engaged in binge drinking (Sound.. n. p. ). Allow me to share with you the following extremely alarming statistical information: Forty percent of teenagers drink to address their being upset; twenty five percent, on the other hand, do so because they are alone; and another twenty five percent drink to manage being bored (Sound.. n. p. ). Furthermore, every teenager spends approximately spends $500 on alcoholic beverages (Sound.. n. p. ). Also, according to researchers, there are eight teenagers who die of alcohol-related accidents each day and that more than 300,000 teenagers will eventually die of alcohol-related occurrences (Sound.. n. p. ). Moreover, sixty percent of teenagers were discovered to be drunk when they were diagnosed to also have a sexually transmitted disease (Sound.. n. p. ). In addition, almost forty percent of teenagers who died because of drowning were drunk at the time of accident (Sound.. n. p. ). Plus, almost thirty two percent of teenagers who were arrested for unlawful behavior were under the influence of alcohol (Sound.. n. p. ). Last but not least, eighty six billion dollars go to waste each year because of consumption of alcohol, health care costs, accident costs, etc (Sound.. n. p. ). Aside from statistical information, there are also a few examples that may prove that alcohol abuse is indeed a problem among the youth nowadays. There were countless alcohol-related risk behaviors among the youth, especially college students and this include: 1) the high percentage of students who rode 1 or more times in a vehicle driven by a drunk driver; 2) the high percentage of students who drove a vehicle 1 or more times under the influence of alcohol; 3) the high percentage of students who had their first drink even before they entered college; 4) the extremely high percentage of students who had five or more drinks of alcohol in a row (National.. n. p. ). The aforementioned only show that alcohol is really a problem among the youth (National.. n. p. ). Meanwhile, the same is true with drug abuse as well. It is a problem as well. Let’s see why as we read and absorb the following examples: First, almost 26 % of high school seniors are engaged in drug abuse according to the Office of National Drug Control Policy (Office.. n. p. ). Second, approximately 15% of 8th graders and almost 23% of 10th graders are into drugs (Office.. n. p. ). Third, in 2001, it has reported that even 12-year old young individuals at least use marijuana once a month (Office.. n. p. ). Fourth, admission rates for treatment of marijuana abuse actually increased in almost all the states except for about nine (Office.. n. p. ). Of the total admissions, approximately, 91 % are young individuals aged 12 to 18 (Office.. n. p. ). Fifth, in 1998, there were more than two thousand six hundred deaths resulting from metamphetamine abuse and there were approximately fifty deaths because of abuse of ketamine (Office.. n. p. ). Sixth, young people who are heavy cigarette users and serious alcohol drinkers are most likely to be involved in drug abuse as well (Office.. n. p. ). Last but not least, fifty seven percent of the youth claim that obtaining marijuana is very easy, in fact they claim that can get that without even leaving their neighborhood (Office.. , n. p. ). References National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol-Related Risk Behaviors Among Youth. 2003. n. a. 09 June 2007 niaaa. nih. gov/Resources/DatabaseResources/QuickFacts/Youth/default. htm Office of National Drug Control Policy. Drug Use Trends. n. d. n. a. 09 June 2007. whitehousedrugpolicy. gov/publications/factsht/druguse/ Sound Vision Foundation, Inc. Statistics on Teens. 2007. n. a. 09 June 2007 soundvision. com/Info/teens/stat. asp

Research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Research methods - Essay Example Burnout at work can happen for different reasons and in different circumstances. It usually takes place when people are giving too much at their workplace and receiving very little in return. The little return could be the absence of appreciations, rewards, and social interactions (Schaufeli and Enzmann, 1998) Research suggest that negative appraisals at work usually lead to a stage where employees start feeling burnout and suffer from the thought that they can’t give anymore to their jobs. The negative appraisals could be from managers as well as colleagues. Employees feel left out from rest of the workplace colleagues after such appraisal and feel let down.(Kohan and Mazmanian, 2003) One of the researches in human service sector expanding 5 years and including 2,391 employees from all parts of the professions found out some interesting facts about work burn out. The research found that there can be three types of work burnout; they are related to work, customer, and personal life. Some professions had work burnout due to office related workload and stress, others profession in which interaction with customers was direct and daily basis had customer related burnout, last but not the least; personal burnout happens in all professions of human service sector. The study also found some penalties as a result of burnout which included poor physical condition, low job satisfaction and non-attendance at job. These consequences ranged from emotional to physical damage depending on the situation. (Borritz et al., 2006) It is notable that the problems at workplace are not only caused by extra workload but also by less appreciation and low sense of accomplishment. This usually leads to mental problems, in many cases people quit their jobs or take early retirement in order to get their life back. (Keel, 1993) It was made clear in a research the emotional exhaustion is one of the key reasons why people feel burnout at jobs. Organizations fail to realize that

Planning and conducting workshops Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Planning and conducting workshops - Essay Example arents with bruising that did not seem to staff to be the "usual scrapes and hurts" that children usually expose themselves too and a few of the children who used to be very happy, seem very sad. The parents explanations were suspect and some of the staff is wondering whether these children are being abused in some way. The staff is not trained in diagnosing child abuse and the CEO feels that it is important for them to understand the warning signs and what to do when they see something that looks suspicious. The CEO does not want to put the staff or the families into a panic, but they want to make sure that the children and families receive help where necessary. I first passed out questionnaires to the staff to find out the level of knowledge they had currently. I wanted to understand any myths they had about it and I needed to determine what type of training was needed to fit their needs. I also held individual and group interviews with the permission of the CEO. This allowed me to assess what each individual was hoping to learn from the training and how it would best fit into this particular environment. I gathered all this information together and it was clear that the staff needed a basic understanding of how to identify the signs of child abuse and what to do about it. All of the interviews a nd questionnaires basically came to this conclusion. I suggested to the CEO that we create a workshop that provides this information in an interactive format. We will create handouts hat explain the basic information and then use case studies created from actual situations the staff has seen that we will discuss during the workshop. The target market for this workshop is the staff and volunteers for XYZ Company. The staff and volunteers create a diverse group in ethnicity, gender and age. The target group is between ages of 27 and 65. They are primarily Caucasian and Hispanic, with a few Asian and African Americans on staff. Through the interviews I was able to get an